TAK

vara bungas: ZS faniem studēšanai DOTMLPF* pētījums (hipersaite beigās) par UA teritoriālās aizsardzības karaspēka (TAK) veikumu kara laikā. Neatsverama pieredze priekš NBS. Protams, atšķirībā no UA TAK drudžainā pirmsākuma 2022.gadā, ZS jau ir sava stabila struktūra un miera laikā izvēršanai nav tāda laika limita, kāds bija UA. Tomēr teritoriālais karaspēks, t.sk ZS, nav bruņotu veču bars, to ir profesionāli jāvada kā jebkuru vienību vismaz rotu-bataljonu līmenī (aizmirstiet ZS brigādes un divīzijas). Un te man jāsaka, ka nevaru sagaidīt, kad beidzot NBS un ZS vadībai iešausies prātā acīmredzama ideja – VISUS rezerves jaunākos virsniekus ir jāpiesaista uz līgumu pamata konkrētiem/pastāvīgiem amatiem ZS bataljonu štābos, atbilstoši specialitātei organizējot tiem mācības daudz biežāk (vismaz 1 reizi gadā) nekā šobrīd rezerves kareivju sastāvam (teorētiski 1 reizi 5 gados). “Kaprāļu laikiem” virsnieku amatos ZS Bn štābos ir jādara gals. Citādi? Citādi 99% no tiem “pēdējā brīža patriotiem”, kas saskries X stundā pie ZS Bn štābiem “stāties zemessargos” būs nedz apmācīti, nedz puslīdz pareizi vadīti, bet ko tas nozīmē man jums nav jāskaidro.

*DOTMLPF -doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, and facilities

Visi izcēlumi VB

1. UA TAK nebija laika mācīties, ZS ir. Kādas izmaiņas ir notikušas ZS apmācībā UA kara iespaidā? Retorisks jautājums

[..] Here it’s important to emphasize the fact that according to the established
norms the TDF brigade has to be built up in 25 days which does not meet the requirements
of modern war conduct. In parallel recruits who lacked basic military skills underwent initial
military training [..] However, the relevant training could not fully prepare
TDF units for the above-described change in the nature of combat and tactics on the part of
both Russia and Ukraine. It is also worth noting that a large part of the TDF brigades and bat-
talions could not organize the training process properly, so they had to study directly in the
combat zone [..]

2. TAK karot regulārā karaspēka vietā nav normāli , bet tā notiek

[..]Rear regions TDF brigades and battalions focused on ensuring functioning of state authorities , protecting critical infrastructure facilities, and ensuring order and security in populated areas. At the same time border and frontline TDF brigades and battalions actually performed the same range of tasks as the regular Defense Forces [..]

3. Nu, Latgales zs… kā jums šāds normatīvs?

[..] Separately, it is worth highlighting the fact that TDF forces managed to deploy in the shortest pos-
sible time. First TDF units in the border regions were armed during 3-4 hours after the invasion
commenced and immediately engaged in combat missions [..]

4. VB vairākas reizes uzsvēru – zs ir vērtība viņa dzimtajā reģionā, pārvietojot to prom uz mazpazīstamu apvidu, zs militārā vērtība pamatīgi samazinās.

[..] Employment of TDF to perform tasks outside the zones and districts of territorial defense,
where the relevant brigades and battalions underwent manning, training and, in some cases,
first combat application was a key feature of this period. It was a forced step, taking into ac-
count the need to create a continuous front line and echelon defense in the East and South of
Ukraine. [..]

5. Tīrā psiholoģija. Neviens “miera laika karavīrs” nezina kā uzvedīsies zem artilērijas apšaudes.

[..] In general, TDF faced tasks that they could not fully address. The net result of this was a series
of incidents, when the TDF units could not withstand enemy’s tactics of “artillery offensive” or
combined arms offensive and chaotically left their positions in Eastern Ukraine. However, sim-
ilar incidents were not limited only to TDF — withstanding the Russian tactics of the “artillery
offensive” turned out to be a difficult task for some professional brigades and battalions of the
Armed Forces of Ukraine. [..]

6. Cool, ZS tā dara, tomēr bez masveida(!) VAD zs vidējā militārā kvalitāte kara laikā būs zema, jo ne divās dienās, ne divos mēnešos labs kājnieks netop. Piemācīt, atsvaidzināt zināšanas pa šo laiku var, apmācīt no 0 nevar.

[..] Existence of an organizational-staff core in peacetime made it possible to quickly increase the number of forces by engagement of reservists. This model should be preserved, because it will allow both to conduct necessary training of the reserve and not to disengage reservists from active economic life.[..]

7. VB intuitīvi nepatīk miksētas vienības (regulārie + zs, zs+regulārie, vairāku nāciju, dzimumu utt), bet

[..] Employment of TDF as part of an interservice grouping of forces, in which heavy formations provide adequate fire support and the logistical base for the training of TDF remains an ideal option [..]

8. Pie mums diez vai… iedomājos Elksniņa vai Lemberga “armijas”, kas taps ļoti ātri, ātrāk par citām

[..] Voluntary formations of local communities (VFLC), by their very nature, were supposed to be
paramilitary units that could be formed within those communities where military leadership
saw such a necessity. In peacetime, members of the VFLC do not hold the status of military
personnel and are not exempt from conscription or mobilization. But during the performance
of tasks (including during wartime) or during training, the same social security and guarantees
apply to them as to active military personnel (except compensation). Members of the VFLC
have the right to use personal hunting weapons to repel aggression and may also be provided
with military grade weapons pursuant to decision of the command. The VFLC must report to
the commander of the TDF unit according to the territorial principle [..]

9. +- 10 dienas gadā, maz, bet, ja skaita tikai mācību stundas, tad +- 20 dienas. Un ja vēl ņem vērā visus uzdevumus, kas ir ZS uzkarināti, tad būtu jābūt vismaz 30 dienas gadā.

[..] Formally, the training cycle of a TDF reservist should have comprised 120 hours a year. Within
its framework, reservists would receive/uphold the basic skills of tactical medicine; tactical,
fire and engineering training, master orientation on the terrain. In practice, on February 24,
2022, the TDF training system was not functioning properly — the one which would correspond
to the scale of the updated TDF’s tasks. [..]

10. Bija mums reiz kaut kas tāds, šķiet, ka likvidēja. Gribētos kļūdīties

[..] The concept of the “Mobile Training Center” which was implemented by the TDF
Command was the attempt to partially strengthen the personnel training system.[..]

11. Iespējams svarīgākais punkts no visiem:

[..] In the same way, practice has shown the critical importance of organizing high-quality personnel training at the battalion and brigade level. For this purpose, the TDF Command created training centers, where battalion staff officers, company and platoon commanders, and non-commissioned officers acquire proper qualification [..]

[..] The formal provision of a peacetime nucleus of brigades and battalions with commanding staff within the framework of the first organizational stage (January-February 2022) did not mean in practice the availability of all skills to high-quality perform assigned tasks. The command component during this period of updated TDF development was staffed according to the residual principle[..]

[..] The combat actions confirmed in practice the need to improve the level of professional training
of the command staff of the company-battalion-brigade level. It concerns the management of
personnel within the framework of combat, as well as the organization of its training. Inability to perform the tasks assigned to TDF was the consequence of the deficit of competent officers in key positions in the brigades and battalions of the TDF.[..]

[..] However, the high level of motivation only partially compensated for the deficit of qualifica-
tions and skills, which had to be improved in parallel to repelling the full-scale aggression of
the Russian Federation [..]

12. Darīts:

[..] At the same time service in the TDF reserve can be considered as a possible alternative to the completion of service by conscription.[..]

avots