Atrastas līdzības

The  Trinidad  and  Tobago  Defence  Force  remains  focusedon  providing  border  and  maritime  security,  and  counternarcotics  tasks.  In  support  of  the  country’s  ongoing  fight with  crime,  the  army  is  intended  to  play  a  greater,  moreintegrated role. The army’s receipt of light utility vehiclesfrom  China  in  2015  provides  an  indicator  of  the  closerdiplomatic and military ties between the countries, whichhas  included  other  procurement  and  training  provisions.Renewed efforts to re-equip the coast guard have resulted in an order for 12 new patrol vessels, of three different classes,from Dutch firm Damen. Trinidad and Tobago was one ofthe first regional states to publish a cyber strategy, in 2012,which noted potential defence vulnerabilities arising from compromised critical national infrastructure.

ACTIVE 4,050 (Army 3,000 Coast Guard 1,050)

Army ε3,000

SPECIAL FORCES

1 SF unit

MANOEUVRE

Light

2 inf bn

COMBAT SUPPORT

1 engr bn

COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT

1 log bn

The role of Fiji’s armed forces is to guarantee the security of the nation, though they have been involved in several coups since the 1980s, the most recent in 2007, and civil military  relations  remain  a  concern.  Though  small,  the armed  forces  have  regularly  taken  part  in  international peacekeeping tasks. Defence relations with its traditional security  partners  –  Australia,  New  Zealand  and  the  US  were re-established at the end of 2014, after they were suspended in the wake of the 2007 coup. During this period, Fiji looked more to China and Russia, and the extent  to which Fiji will revert – if at all – to the previous security relationship is unclear.

ACTIVE 3,500 (Army 3,200 Navy 300)

RESERVE ε6,000

Army 3,200 (incl 300 recalled reserves)

SPECIAL FORCES

1 spec ops coy

MANOEUVRE

Light 3 inf bn

COMBAT SUPPORT

1 arty bty

1 engr bn

COMBAT SUPPORT

1 log bn

Reserves 6,000

Montenegro’s  armed  forces  are  small  and  primarily organised around the army, with few air and naval assets. The  force  is  supported  by  a  significant  paramilitary organisation.  Capability  remains  focused  on  internal security and limited support to international peacekeeping. Montenegro is committed to joining NATO and has begun reforms in order to facilitate this. Some indications suggest Montenegro  is  a  candidate  for  accession  during  NATO’s July  2016  summit  in  Warsaw  and  the  NATO  Military committee visited the country in October 2015 as part of this assessment. However, reforms have been slow, with only a small part of the defence budget spent on modernisation.

ACTIVE 2,080 (Army 1,500 Navy 350 Air Force 230)

Paramilitary 10,100

Army 1,500

SPECIAL FORCES

1 SF bde

MANOEUVRE

Reconnaissance

1 recce coy

Light

1 mot inf bde (1 SF coy, 2 inf regt (1 inf bn, 1 mtn bn), 1

arty bty, 1 cbt spt coy, 1 CBRN pl, 1 sig pl)

2 bde (SF, InF)

The Royal Brunei Armed Forces are an important source

of  employment  in  the  oil-rich  state.  While  professional and well trained, their limited size means they could offer little  resistance  on  their  own  to  a  determined  aggressor.While the defence budget was reduced in 2015, this arose from  the  transfer  of  the  bulk  of  procurement  funding  to the Ministry of Finance, and lower oil and gas prices are putting pressure on Brunei’s defence-planning targets. The sultanate  has  long-established  defence  relations  with  the UK and Singapore, and the UK and Brunei have renewed for another five years a long-standing agreement to station UK troops in the sultanate. Brunei continues to deploy small peacekeeping contingents, under Malaysian command, to Lebanon (UNIFIL) and the southern Philippines (IMT).

ACTIVE 7,000 (Army 4,900 Navy 1,000 Air 1,100)

Paramilitary 2,250

RESERVE 700 (Army 700)

Army 4,900

MANOEUVRE

Light

3 inf bn

COMBAT SUPPORT

1 cbt spt bn (1 armd recce sqn, 1 engr sqn)

Reserves 700

Light 1 inf bn

Atsevišķie inf bn

Lesotho’s small armed forces are charged with protecting

territorial  integrity  and  sovereignty,  although  cohesionhas suffered following an attempted military coup in September 2014. That prompted South Africa to deploy 140members  of  its  Police  Service  in  late  2014.  South Africa,in  effect,  acts  as  a  security  guarantor;  Lesotho  containssignificant  water  resources.  Continued  political  instability throughout 2015, notably the killing in mid-year of aformer army commander, led South Africa to send a fact finding mission, and SADC to organise a Commission ofInquiry. Security-sector reform was being urged by year end.

ACTIVE 2,000 (Army 2,000)

Army ε2,000

MANOEUVRE

Reconnaissance

1 recce coy

Light

7 inf coy

Aviation

1 sqn

COMBAT SUPPORT

1 arty bty(-)

1 spt coy (with mor)

The  armed  forces  have  often  played  a  direct  role  in  domestic politics. Narcotics trafficking remains a substantialproblem that the armed forces have so far been unable to tackle. The parlous state of the economy limits any ability to replace its ageing inventory of mainly Soviet-era equipment.  Previous  attempts  at  security-sector  reform  have largely  been  unsuccessful,  and  long-term  international support is necessary for future attempts to gain traction.

ACTIVE 4,450 (Army 4,000 Navy 350 Air 100)

Paramilitary 2,000

Army ε4,000 (numbers reducing)

MANOEUVRE

Reconnaissance

1 recce coy

Armoured

1 armd bn (sqn)

Light

5 inf bn

COMBAT SUPPORT

1 arty bn

1 engr coy

Atsevišķie inf bn

Gabon’s small armed forces are reasonably well equipped for their size, and there is sufficient airlift to ensure mobility within the country and even a limited capability to project power into its near abroad both by sea and air. The country has benefited from the long-term presence of French troops acting  as  a  security  guarantor,  while  oil  revenues  have hitherto  allowed  the  government  to  support,  in  regional terms, capable armed forces. There is regular training with international partners. Military medicine is well regarded. Gabon  contributed  a  field  hospital  to  the  ECCAS  Loango 2014 exercise, and engaged in field medical training with US  forces  in  2015.  Gabon  hosted  US  AFRICOM’s  2015 Central Accord interoperability exercise.

ACTIVE 4,700 (Army 3,200 Navy 500 Air 1,000)

Paramilitary 2,000

ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE

Army 3,200

MANOEUVRE

Light

1 (Republican Guard) gd gp (bn)

(1 armd/recce coy, 3 inf coy, 1 arty bty, 1 ADA bty)

8 inf coy

Air Manoeuvre

1 cdo/AB coy

COMBAT SUPPORT

1 engr coy

Atsevišķie inf bn

The  country’s  small  armed  forces  are  mainly  focused  on

border and internal security, and combating illicit traffick –

ing. However, maritime security remains an area of concern, in light of continuing piracy in the Gulf of Guinea. Benin’s small navy has been trying to bolster its anti-piracy capability by acquiring further high-speed craft. The air force has a limited number of light transport aircraft and helicopters for intra-theatre airlift, and is also developing a surveillance role. The army and national police have received training from US personnel to enhance their border surveillance capacity. France is heavily involved in training assistance; in 2015 this included medical and combat training for the armyand diver training for the navy.

ACTIVE 6,950 (Army 6,500 Navy 200 Air 250)

Paramilitary 2,500

Army 6,500

MANOEUVRE

Armoured

2 armd sqn

Light

1 (rapid reaction) mot inf bn

8 inf bn

Air Manoeuvre

1 AB bn

COMBAT SUPPORT

2 arty bn

1 engr bn

1 sigs bn

COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT

1 log bn

1 spt bn

Atsevišķie inf bn

The  development  of  the  Liberian  armed  forces  has  beenunderpinned by US support for almost the past decade, although the UN’s UNMIL mission is still required as a stabilisation force 11 years after it was established. There is no domestic airlift capacity; this will have hindered attempts to respond to the recent Ebola outbreak, which constituted a major challenge for the developing local security forces.

ACTIVE 2,050 (Army 2,000, Coast Guard 50)

Army 2,000

MANOEUVRE

Light

1 (23rd) inf bde with (2 inf bn, 1 engr coy, 1 MP coy)

COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT

1 trg unit (forming)

The country has a limited military capability based on the Guyana Defence Force. The GDF’s main tasks are territorial integrity, assisting the civil power and contributing to economic  development,  and  it  also  undertakes  paramilitary and policing tasks. Long-running border issues with Venezuela returned to the spotlight following the declaration by Caracas of maritime defence zones, one of which included  Guyanese  waters  claimed  by  Venezuela  and which had seen a significant oil discovery in 2015. Guyana has officer-training agreements and military ties with both Brazil and China, and participates in the Tradewinds exercise programme.

ACTIVE 3,400 (Army 3,000 Navy 200 Air 200)

RESERVE 670 (Army 500 Navy 170)

Army 900

SPECIAL FORCES

1 SF coy

MANOUEVRE

Light

1 inf bn

Other

1 (Presidential) gd bn

COMBAT SUPPORT

1 arty coy

1 (spt wpn) cbt spt coy

1 engr coy

The country’s armed forces are dominated by the army, with  smaller  naval  and  air  components.  The  army’s primary role is internal security, and there is only limited ability  for  power  projection.  There  has  been  significant naval  investment  in  recent  years,  including  both equipment  and  onshore  infrastructure  at  Malabo  and Bata.  Maritime-security  concerns  in  the  Gulf  of  Guinea have  resulted  in  increased  emphasis  on  bolstering  a limited coastal-patrol capacity, with new offshore-patrol vessels commissioned, and the nation’s forces taking part in  international  exercises,

ACTIVE 1,320 (Army 1,100 Navy 120 Air 100)

Army 1,100

MANOEUVRE

Light

3 inf bn(-)

Papua  New  Guinea  has small,  lightly  equipped  armed

forces  that  in  effect  constitute  an  internal security  force only. Core tasks noted in the country’s 2013 defence white paper include defending the state; civil-emergency assis tance;  nation  building;  and  meeting  international  obligations. However, the document also said that ‘our defence capabilities  have  deteriorated  to  the  extent  that  we  havealarming  gaps  in  our  land,  air  and  maritime  borders’.There is some concern over the possibility of fighting byseparatists  in  the  neighbouring  Indonesian  territory  of Irian  Jaya  spilling  across  the  western  border.  The  white paper called for defence assets and capability to be rebuilt,and for the overall force size to increase to 5,000 (including 1,000  reservists)  by  2017.  The  extent  to  which  this  ambitious plan has begun to be implemented is unclear. Papua New  Guinea’s  main  security  partner  is  Australia,  with which its armed forces also exercise.

ACTIVE 1,900 (Army 1,600 Maritime Element 200Air 100)

Army ε1,600

MANOEUVRE

Light

2 inf bn

COMBAT SUPPORT

1 engr bn

1 EOD unit

1 sigs sqn

Maritime  security  and  human  trafficking  are  security concerns.  A  National  Maritime  Security  Committee

was  inaugurated  in  2015.  The  country  has  a  small  army supported  by  air  and  marine  units.  Its  forces  have  been deployed  in  support  of  UN  missions,  and  have  received training assistance from the US.

ACTIVE 800 (Army 800)

Gambian National Army 800

MANOEUVRE

Light

2 inf bn

Other

1 (Presidential Guard) gd coy

COMBAT SUPPORT

1 engr sqn

The armed forces remain configured for territorial defence, the  equipment  and  capabilities  of  all  three  services reflecting  this  task.  National  defence  became  a  topic  of debate during the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014 and has increased since the escalation in Russian military activity in the Baltic. Anxiety over Swedish preparedness has led to greater cooperation with NATO and NORDEFCO partners,  as  well  as  further  deliberation  over  Swedish membership of the Alliance. Future capabilities will depend on the delivery of key procurements, including Gripen JAS- 39E  combat  aircraft  and  A26  submarines.  The  purchase of  60  new  Gripen  aircraft  was  approved  by  Sweden’s parliament in 2013, and a similar  announcement was made in 2015 on A26 and Gotland-class submarine upgrades. The government  announced  an  increase  to  planned  defence spending  between  2016  and  2020  in  response  to  security concerns,  with  funds  being  spent  on  modernising  shipsand  re-deploying  troops  on  the  strategically  important island of Gotland.

ACTIVE 29,750 (Army 6,850 Navy 2,100 Air 2,700

Other 18,100) Paramilitary 21,200

Army 6,850

COMMAND

2 bde HQ

MANOEUVRE

Reconnaissance

1 recce bn

Armoured

3 armd coy

Mechanised

5 mech bn

Light

1 mot inf bn

1 lt inf bn

Air Manoeuvre

1 AB bn

Other

1 sy bn

COMBAT SUPPORT

2 arty bn

2 AD bn

2 engr bn

2 MP coy

1 CBRN coy

COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT

1 tpt coy

Reserves

FORCES BY ROLE

MANOEUVRE

Other

40 Home Guard bn

2 kājnieku pulki